تحلیل ویژگی‌های حرفه‌ای معلمان از منظر دانش‌آموزان دوره دوم متوسطه با رویکردترکیبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار پژوهشگاه مطالعات آموزش‌وپرورش، سازمان پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی (OERP). تهران. ایران.

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: هدف پژوهش، تحلیل ویژگی‌های حرفه‌ای معلمان از منظر دانش‌آموزان دوره دوم متوسطه بود. روش‌ها‌پژوهش با رویکرد آمیخته و در قالب طرح اکتشافی متوالی در دو مرحله کیفی - کمّی اجرا شد. در مرحله کیفی، با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری، ۶۷ دانش‌آموز دختر و ۶۰ دانش‌آموز پسر از مدارس دوره دوم متوسطه استان تهران در مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته شرکت کردند. بر مبنای مقوله‌های به‌دست‌آمده از مرحله کیفی، پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخته ۹۵ گویه‌ای طراحی شد. روایی محتوایی این ابزار به تأیید صاحب‌نظران رسید و پایایی آن در اجرای مقدماتی با محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ ۰٫۷۹ احراز شد که بیانگر اعتبار و قابلیت اتکای پرسش‌نامه بود. در مرحله کمّی، جامعه آماری دانش‌آموزان دوره دوم متوسطه کشور بودند. نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت مرحله‌ای تصادفی از سه منطقه کشور و ۱۰ استان انجام شد و ۶۰۴۷ دانش‌آموز به پرسش‌نامه پاسخ دادند. در تحلیل داده‌ها، در بخش کیفی از تحلیل مضمون و در بخش کمّی از آزمون تی تک نمونه‌ای، تی دو گروه مستقل و تحلیل واریانس یک‌راهه استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که ویژگی‌های معلمان از نظر دانش‌آموزان در سه بُعد صلاحیت عمومی، حرفه‌ای و تخصصی و در قالب ۱۳ طبقه شامل ویژگی‌های شخصیتی، اخلاقی و ارزشی، اعتقادی، ارتباطی، اخلاق فردی، نحوه ارزشیابی، اخلاق حرفه‌ای، مدیریت کلاس، انگیزشی، نگرشی، تخصصی، دانش معلمی و مهارتی قابل‌تبیین است. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج بیانگر آن است که باوجود محدودیت‌های حرفه معلمی، تصویر دانش‌آموزان از معلمان عمدتاً مثبت است، هرچند وجود مؤلفه‌های ضعیف هشداری برای سیاست‌گذاران و برنامه‌ریزان آموزشی محسوب می‌شود تا برای پیشگیری از گسترش این ویژگی‌ها در آینده اقدام کنند. براین‌اساس، توصیه می‌شود نسبت به طراحی و اجرای دوره‌های توانمندسازی معلمان برای تقویت مؤلفه‌های ضعیف و ترویج ویژگی‌های مثبت اقدام گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Teachers' Professional Characteristics from the Perspective of Upper Secondary School Students: A Mixed-Methods Approach

نویسنده [English]

  • Morteza Samiee Zafarghandi
Associate Professor of Organization for Educational Research and Planning (OERP).Tehran، iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: The objective of this research was to analyze the professional characteristics of teachers from the perspective of upper secondary school students. Methods: The study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, implemented through a sequential exploratory design in two qualitative-quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, employing purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved, 67 female and 60 male students from upper secondary schools in Tehran province participated in semi-structured interviews. Based on the categories derived from the qualitative phase, a researcher-designed 95-item questionnaire was developed. The content validity of this instrument was confirmed by experts, and its reliability, as assessed by a preliminary administration and calculation of Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.79), demonstrated its validity and consistency. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population comprised upper secondary school students across the country. A multi-stage random sampling method was employed, selecting participants from three geographical regions and 10 provinces, resulting in a sample of 6,047 students who completed the questionnaire. For data analysis, thematic analysis was used in the qualitative phase, while the quantitative phase utilized a one-sample t-test, an independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Findings: The findings revealed that students perceive teachers' characteristics across three dimensions: general competency, professional competency, and specialized competency. These were further delineated into 13 categories: personality traits; moral and value-based characteristics; belief-related characteristics; communication skills; personal ethics; assessment methods; professional ethics; classroom management; motivational skills; attitudinal traits; specialized knowledge; pedagogical knowledge; and skills. Conclusion: The results indicate that, despite the constraints inherent in the teaching profession, students' perception of teachers is predominantly positive. However, the identification of weaker components serves as a crucial alert for educational policymakers and planners to take preventive measures against the potential exacerbation of these shortcomings. Accordingly, it is recommended to design and implement targeted teacher empowerment programs aimed at reinforcing weak areas and further promoting positive professional characteristics.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Teacher characteristics
  • general competence
  • professional competence
  • specialized competence
  • teaching profession
  • students' perspectives
  • exploratory
  • sequential mixed methods

مراجع

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